Decomposition of body begins at the moment of death, caused by two factors: autolysis, the breaking down of tissues by the body's own internal chemicals and enzymes, and putrefaction, the breakdown of tissues by bacteria. These processes release gases that are the chief source of the unmistakably putrid odor of decaying animal tissue.Decomposition of plant matter occurs in many stages. It begins with leaching by water; the most easily lost and soluble carbon compounds are liberated in this process. Another early process is physical breakup or fragmentation of the plant material into smaller bits which have greater surface area for microbial colonization and attack.
During decomposition of animal carcass various chemicals such as ammonia, cadaverine, hydrogen sulfide, and putrescine are produced by the consumption of proteins by anerobic organisms which are characterized by their foul smell. However in the case of plants, due to a low protein content the extent of production of these foul smelling gases are very small. Therefore decomposition of plants are usually oudourless. Moreover the plants are primarily composed of cellulose and lignin, which are acted upon by very few microorganisms, which ultimately results in much delay in decomposition of the plant.